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Stump harvesting
In plantation forests in parts of Europe, the tree stumps left after felling are now sometimes pulled out of the ground to supply wood fuel for biomass power stations. The stump is the base of the trunk and the attached woody roots. Tree stumps and roots are extracted using a hydraulic head on a tracked excavator or with a mechanical head equipped by a special tool for tractors. Stump harvesting is expected to provide an increasing component of the woody material required by the woody biomass power sector in Europe.
==Sustainability==
Stump harvesting is unsuitable on many soils where the removal leads to long term reduction in nutrition or an unacceptable loss of soil carbon.〔Staaf, H. and Olsson, B.A.: ''Effects of slash removal and stump harvesting on soil water chemistry in a clearcutting in SW Sweden.'', 336 pages. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 9(4):305-310 2004.〕 Also, it is necessary that care is taken to avoid areas with archaeology, ecologically sensitive areas, steep slopes, and areas close to streams and rivers. In many situations removal of stumps leads to a further loss of wood with a resulting loss of the potential biodiversity that depends on wood.〔http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/forest-deadwood/forest-deadwood-assessment-published-may-2010〕
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